Pemberian Ekstrak Bayam Merah (Amarantus Tricolor linn) Memperbaiki Ekspresi BDNF dan GLUR1 pada Area Hipokampus Tikus Muda yang Terpapar Anestesi Inhalasi Halothane dan Sevoflurane

Abstract

Otak dalam tahap perkembangan memiliki tingkat kerentanan lebih tinggi terhadap zat anestesi dibanding dengan otak orang dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati pengaruh pemberian ekstrak bayam merah terhadap penanda biologis fungsi kognitif dan neuroplastisitas, yaitu Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) dan AMPA Glutamate Receptor subunit 1 (Glur1) pada area hipokampus tikus yang terpapar anestesi inhalasi halothane dan sevoflurane. Rancangan penelitian adalah randomized posttest only control group. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Departemen Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga dan prosedur anestesi dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Hewan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga pada bulan Mei 2014–Oktober 2014. Subjek penelitian adalah 23 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar, umur 1–1,5 bulan, bobot kurang lebih 60–100 gram dengan kondisi sehat fisik. Subjek dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu K (kontrol); K1 (halothane 1 MAC); K2 (bayam merah 800 mg/kgBB+Halothane 1 MAC); K3 (sevoflurane 1MAC) dan K4 (bayam merah 800 mg/kgBB+ Sevoflurane 1 MAC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan ekspresi BDNF pada pemberian halothane dan sevoflurane serta peningkatan kembali ke normal pada kelompok yang sebelumnya telah diberikan bayam merah sebelum terpapar gas anastesi (p=0,000). Ekspresi GLUR1 meningkat pada pemberian halothane dan sevoflurane dan penurunan kembali ke normal pada kelompok yang sebelumnya telah diberikan bayam merah sebelum terpapar gas anestesi (p=0,000). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian ekstrak bayam merah memiliki potensi untuk mencegah neurotoksisitas pada fungsi kognitif tikus yang terpapar gas anastesi. [MKB. 2016;48(3):148–54]

Kata kunci: AMPA Glutamate Receptor subunit 1 (GLUR1), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), ekstrak bayam merah, halothane, sevoflurane

Red Spinach Extract Administration (Amarantus Tricolor linn) in Young Rats Exposed to Inhalation Anesthetic Halothane and Sevoflurane Improves BDNF and GLUR1 Expressions in Hippocampus Area

In the development stage, brain has a higher level of vulnerability than the adult brain to anesthetic agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red amaranth extract to brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and AMPA glutamate receptor subunit 1 (Glur1) expressions as biomarkers of cognitive and neuroplasticity in rat hippocampus areas exposed to inhaled anesthetics halothane and sevoflurane. The design of this study was a randomized posttest only control group. This study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, and the anesthetic procedures were performed at the Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga during the period of May–October 2014. The subjects of this study were 23 white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) wistar strain, aged 1–1.5 months, weighted approximately 60–100 grams in a healthy physical condition. The subjects were divided into 5 groups, K (control); K1 (1 MAC halothane); K2 (red amaranth 800 mg/kgBW + 1 MAC halothane); K3 (1 MAC sevoflurane); and K4 (red amaranth 800mg/kgBW+1 MAC sevoflurane). The results of this study showed a decrease in the expression of BDNF when halothane and sevoflurane were administered. Red amaranth treatment prior to anesthetic gases exposure preserved and increased BDNF expression (p=0.000) while GLUR1 expression increased in the group that received halothane and sevoflurane administration and decreased back to normal in the group that received red amaranth treatment prior to exposure to anesthetic gases (p=0.000). In conclusion, red amaranth extract has the potential effect to prevent cognitive neurotoxicity on the cognitive function in rats exposed to anesthetic gases. [MKB. 2016;48(3):148–54]

Key words: AMPA Glutamate Receptor subunit 1 (GLUR1), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor(BDNF), halothane, sevoflurane, red amaranth extract