Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada Ekspresi Insulin dan Insulitis Tikus Diabetes Melitus
Ratna Sulistyorini, - Sarjadi, Andrew Johan, Kis Djamiatun
Abstract
Kandungan quercetin pada Moringa oleifera secara ilmiah memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dan anti-inflamasi dengan menghambat aktivitas NF-ĸB, serta triterpenoid menstimulasi regenerasi sel β pankreas dan meningkatkan sekresi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Moringa oleifera terhadap insulitis dan ekspresi insulin pankreas tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Unit Pangan dan Gizi, Pusat Antar Universitas Universitas Gadjah Mada serta Laboratorium Histologi dan Biologi Sel Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada, periode Mei–Juli 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain randomized post test only controlled group. Hewan coba sebanyak 24 ekor tikus, diperiksa kadar gula darahnya pada hari ketiga setelah induksi streptozotosin, untuk melihat tikus sudah dalam keadaan hiperglikemik. Tikus kemudian dibagi dalam tiga kelompok: satu kelompok kontrol dan dua kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun Moringa oleifera dosis 250 dan 500 mg/kg/hari selama 21 hari. Gambaran histopatologik dinilai derajat insulitis pada pulau Langerhans dan dinilai ekspresi insulin dengan skor Allred. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Kruskal Wallis dilanjutkan Mann-Whitney dengan taraf kemaknaan p<0,05 karena data tidak berdistribusi normal. Derajat insulitis dan ekspresi insulin pankreas tikus pada kedua kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,005). Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Moringa oleifera dosis 250 dan 500 mg/kg menyebabkan ekspresi insulin lebih tinggi dan derajat insulitis lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol.[MKB. 2015;47(2):69–76]
Kata kunci: Ekspresi insulin, insulitis, Moringa oleifera, streptozotosin
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves on Insulin Expression and Insulitis in Diabetes Mellitus Rats
Abstract
Quercetin content in Moringa oleifera has scientific potential antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects by inhibiting the activity of NF-ĸB. In addition, triterpenoids stimulate pancreatic β cell regeneration and increases insulin secretion. This study aimed to discover the effect of Moringa oleifera extract on insulitis and insulin expression in pancreas of Sprague-Dawley male rats. The study was performed at the laboratory of Food and Nutrition Unit of The Inter University Center of Gadjah Mada University and the laboratory of Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University during May–July 2013. This was a randomized post test only controlled group study. Twenty four rats were included. Blood glucose test was performed on the third day after streptozotocin induction to ensure that all rats were in hyperglycemic condition. The rats were then divided into three groups: one control group and two treatment groups receiving Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract for 21 days in doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day, respectively. Histopathological analysis of pancreas were performed by evaluating insulitis based on the infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells to the Langerhans islets. Insulin expression was evaluated using Allred score. Statistical analysis used was Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney with a level of significance of p<0.05. The insulitis degree and insulin expression of the two treatment groups were significantly different compared to the control group (p<0.005). It can be concluded that Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaf extract doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day cause higher insulin expression and lower insulitis degree than in the control group. [MKB. 2015;47(2):69–76]
